Similar to the ultrasonic principles used by an OB/GYN during pregnancy and naval SONAR, the ultrasonic non-destructive testing method uses high frequency sound waves traveling through a part to detect discontinuities. If the sound traveling through a part hits material with different acoustical impedance, some of the sound will reflect back. Once received by the sending unit, it will represent as an indication on the screen. Knowing the velocity at which sound travels through a part, along with the time of travel, will allow the technician to determine the distance to the indicated material with a change in acoustic impedance.
Sound waves are introduced to the part via a transducer made up of a piezoelectric crystal that converts electrical current to sound waves. The two most commonly used types of sound waves are Compression (Longitudinal or Straight Beam) and Shear wave (Transverse or Angle Beam).
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